For more than half a century, Syria has been ruled by the Assad family – thirty years by the elder Hafez, and nearly as long by his son Bashar – a brutally authoritarian reign that, following the Arab Spring in 2011, devolved into an even more brutal civil war that has claimed half a million lives. The deeply complicated conflict, a bloody multipolar struggle between the Russia-backed Assad regime, the US-backed opposition forces, Iran-backed Hezbollah, the Kurdish leftist enclave in Rojava (and its Turkish antagonists), various ISIS-aligned terror cells, and myriad competing tribes, warlords, and sub-groups, has been more or less static since a 2020 ceasefire. That is, until a surprise offensive late last month by the Islamist opposition group HTS triggered a pile-on from all sides that broke through Aleppo, Homs, and finally Damascus, swiftly collapsing the Ba’athist government in a matter of days and driving Assad out of power (and out of the country). The regime’s stunning fall is a massive blow to Russia, reshaping the balance of power and leaving an unprecedented power vacuum as a shattered nation looks to the future.

Donation resources: UNHCR - UNICEF - Syria Relief - Karam Foundation - International Rescue Committee - Islamic Relief Worldwide - Save the Children

HT: Metafilter